一.什么是非谓语动词
表示动作或状态的词为动词，动词是实词可以在句子中充当句子成分。英语动词用法比较活跃，几乎可以充当所有句子成分，在句子中充当谓语的动词叫谓语动词，在句子中充当除谓语外的其它成分的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种基本形式即不定式，现在分词与过去分词，非谓语动词的否定形式不需要借助助动词，直接在前面加“not”，非谓语动词在句子中充当如下成分：
二.不定式在句子中的成分
（1）.动词不定式作主语
1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。
To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth
To get an injection is a little painful .可以转换为：It is a little painful to get an injection.
（2）.动词不定式作宾语。
1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
I hope to hear (hear)from you soon .
2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth
He found it difficult to get (get) to sleep.
3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。
After working for a long time , He has to stop to have (have ) a rest .
He was very tired , so he had to stop working (work).
（3）.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后,名词或代词+to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。
I want a pen to write with.
I want a piece of paper to write on .
（4）.动词不定式可作状语
1).动词不定式可作目的状语
在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。
He came here to get (get)his book.
2).动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语
He was glad to see (see) his wife.
3).动词不定式可作结果状语
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。
He was too tired to walk (walk) on .
（5）.动词不定式作宾语补。
1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
Please ask him to come (come) quickly.
2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth
注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .
He made the baby stop (stop) crying .
The baby was made to stop (stop) crying.
（6）.动词不定式作表语
be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。
Her wish is to become (become) a doctor .To become a doctor is her wish .
三. 现在分词在句子中的成分
（１）.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。
I saw the boy playing (play)in the street just now .
（２）.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .
Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?
（３）.现在分词表伴随情况
He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.
四、过去分词在句子中的成分
（１）.作宾补
have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事
I had my TV repaired last night .
（２）.作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?
Have you ever read any books which was written by Luxun?
（３）.作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My cup is broken .
五. 非谓语动词的含义与解题思路
非谓语动词在句子中除了不能作谓语，句子的其它成分都可以充当。非谓语动词有三种基本形式，在实际运用中到底用三种形式中的哪种形式取决于非谓语动词的含义。非谓动词的含义可以从时间与语态两个方面来理解，非谓语动词的解题思路也就是考虑非谓动词的这两个方面，非谓动词的含义如下表：
